1. Drivers Cyclone Port Devices Gigabit
2. Cyclone V Device Overview
3. Cyclone V Device Support
4. Drivers Cyclone Port Devices For Sale

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Cyclone separators or simply cyclones are separation devices (dry scrubbers) that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases.^[2] Cyclone separators is one of many air pollution control devices known as precleaners since they generally remove larger pieces of particulate matter. This prevents finer filtration methods from having to deal with large, more abrasive particles later on. In addition, several cyclone separators can operate in parallel, and this system is known as a multicyclone.^[3]

It is important to note that cyclones can vary drastically in their size. The size of the cyclone depends largely on how much flue gas must be filtered, thus larger operations tend to need larger cyclones. For example, several different models of one cyclone type can exist, and the sizes can range from a relatively small 1.2-1.5 meters tall (about 4-5 feet) to around 9 meters (30 feet)—which is about as tall as a three story building!.^[4]

Cyclone LC and Cyclone FX Programmer Installation Software - Covers the Cyclone LC Universal, Cyclone FX Universal, Cyclone LC ARM, and Cyclone. (185566KB) 2020-Nov-02 04:25PM Driver Test - This file tests the PEmicro Version 12.7 and OSBDM Driver file structure to make. March 2016 Altera Corporation Cyclone IV Device Handbook, Volume 1 Chapter Revision Dates The chapters in this document, Cyclone IV Device Handbook, were revised on the following dates. Where chapters or groups of chapters are available separately, part numbers are listed. Cyclone IV FPGA Device Family Overview Revised: March 2016.

• Intel ® Cyclone ® 10 GX devices contain PCIe hard IP that is designed for performance and ease-of-use: Includes all layers of the PCIe stack—transaction, data link and physical layers. Supports PCIe Gen2 Endpoint and Root Port in x1, x2, or x4 lane configuration 5.
• Stand-Alone Programmer and Debugger. Please note that the Cyclone PRO is no longer available. It has been replaced by the Cyclone Universal and Cyclone Universal FX production programmers. These programmers support all of the devices supported by Cyclone PRO and are recommended for new programming projects.
• In my first blog post on communicating with the Altera Cyclone II FPGA, I demonstrated how to create a serial echo by simply connecting the Tx wire and the Rx wire together. Then in my second post I demonstrated how to use third-party libraries and a clock to allow that serial line to be translated into a byte stream and back before being re.

How It Works

Cyclone separators work much like a centrifuge, but with a continuous feed of dirty air. In a cyclone separator, dirty flue gas is fed into a chamber. The inside of the chamber creates a spiral vortex, similar to a tornado. This spiral formation and the separation is shown in Figure 2. The lighter components of this gas have less inertia, so it is easier for them to be influenced by the vortex and travel up it. Contrarily, larger components of particulate matter have more inertia and are not as easily influenced by the vortex.^[2]

Since these larger particles have difficulty following the high-speed spiral motion of the gas and the vortex, the particles hit the inside walls of the container and drop down into a collection hopper. These chambers are shaped like an upside-down cone to promote the collection of these particles at the bottom of the container. The cleaned flue gas escapes out the top of the chamber.

Most cyclones are built to control and remove particulate matter that is larger than 10 micrometers in diameter. However, there do exist high efficiency cyclones that are designed to be effective on particles as small as 2.5 micrometers. As well, these separators are not effective on extremely large particulate matter. For particulates around 200 micrometers in size, gravity settling chambers or momentum separators are a better option.^[3]

Out of all of the particulate-control devices, cyclone separators are among the least expensive.^[2] They are often used as a pre-treatment before the flue gas enters more effective pollution control devices. Therefore, cyclone separators can be seen as 'rough separators' before the flue gas reaches the fine filtration stages.

Effectiveness

Cyclone separators are generally able to remove somewhere between 50-99% of all particulate matter in flue gas.^[2] How well the cyclone separators are actually able to remove this matter depends largely on particle size. If there is a large amount of lighter particulate matter, less of these par0ticles are able to be separated out. Because of this, cyclone separators work best on flue gases that contain large amounts of big particulate matter.

There are several advantages and disadvantages in using cyclone separators. First, cyclone separators are beneficial because they are not expensive to install or maintain, and they have no moving parts. This keeps maintenance and operating costs low. Second, the removed particulate matter is collected when dry, which makes it easier to dispose of. Finally, these units take up very little space. Although effective, there are also disadvantages in using cyclone separators. Mainly because the standard models are not able to collect particulate matter that is smaller than 10 micrometers effectively and the machines are unable to handle sticky or tacky materials well.^[3]

For Further Reading

• Or explore a random page

References

1. ↑Wikimedia Commons. (July 16, 2015). Cyclone Separator [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Cyclone_separator.svg
2. ↑ ^2.02.12.22.3R. Wolfson. Energy, Environment and Climate, 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012
3. ↑ ^3.03.13.2US EPA. (July 16, 2015). Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet [Online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fcyclon.pdf
4. ↑Kice. (July 22, 2015). CK Cyclone Collectors [Online]. Available: http://www.kice.com/pdfs/CK_Cyclones.pdf
5. ↑Simerics. (July 21, 2015). Cyclonic Separator [Online]. Available: http://www.simerics.com/animation/cyclone_ani.gif

Drivers Cyclone Port Devices Gigabit

Authors and Editors

Bethel Afework, Jordan Hanania, Kailyn Stenhouse, Jason Donev
Last updated: September 3, 2018
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Following are answers to the most frequently asked questions about Altera^® Cyclone^® III FPGAs.

General

Embedded Multipliers

Embedded Memory

System Clock Management

I/O Standards and Memory Interfaces

Software and Intellectual Property

Nios II Embedded Processors

Device Configuration

General

What is the Cyclone III device family?

The Cyclone III device family is a low power, high functionality, low cost family of FPGAs designed to support a wide range of cost-sensitive high-volume applications. With this third generation in the Cyclone series, Altera continues to deliver the lowest development and system costs. The low-cost Cyclone III device family contains eight family members ranging from 5K to 120K logic elements (LEs) available in a wide range of low-cost packages.

What process technology does Altera use to build Cyclone III FPGAs?

Cyclone III FPGAs are manufactured on 300-mm wafers using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's (TSMC’s) 65-nm (nine metal layers, all copper) low-power (LP) process technology, designed for low dynamic power and low leakage power.

What is unique about Cyclone III FPGAs?

Cyclone III FPGAs offer an unprecedented combination of low power, high functionality, and low cost. All FPGAs in Altera's Cyclone series are built from the ground up for low-cost, high-volume applications, and Cyclone III FPGAs offer lower power and better performance at a lower cost than competing low-cost FPGAs. Altera also offers you the most complete and most productive development tools with Quartus^® II design and development software, low-cost development kits, proven IP cores, and application-specific reference designs.

What markets does the Cyclone III device family target?

Dataquest projects 14 percent CAGR for the overall PLD market between 2004 and 2010, with the fastest growing markets in the automotive and consumer industries. Given the cost-sensitive nature of these applications, they will be serviced primarily by low-cost FPGAs such as the Cyclone III device family. The wireless communication market will also be important for the Cyclone III device family with its low power, higher densities, and higher levels of functionality compared to the previous Cyclone generation. Specific applications include wireless basestations, software defined radio, displays, as well as video and image processing.

What new applications do Cyclone III FPGAs enable and how?

Please refer to the Cyclone III FPGA end-market applications overview page for details about new applications enabled by Cyclone III FPGAs.

How have Cyclone III FPGAs been optimized for power?

The Cyclone III family takes advantage of several techniques such as the use of TSMC's 65-nm low-power process technology and the unique power management features in the Quartus II development software to deliver up to a 50 percent power reduction from the 90-nm Cyclone II device family and up to a 75 percent power advantage over competing FPGAs. TSMC's 65-nm LP process has been fine tuned to provide the lowest static and dynamic power consumption for applications in the portable and consumer markets such as DVRs, handsets, and portable media players. The PowerPlay power analysis and optimization technology in Quartus II development software automatically analyzes and optimizes designs for power consumption while still achieving timing and performance requirements. Low-power benefits include: operations in thermally challenging environments, elimination or reduction in cooling system costs, and extended battery life for portable applications.

How have Cyclone III FPGAs been optimized for low cost?

Cyclone III FPGAs take advantage of the benefits of 65-nm technology (small die size, high density, and low cost) with up to three speed grades higher performance than competing low-cost FPGAs. Cyclone III devices also use staggered I/O rings to reduce die size and board space. A wide selection of low-cost packaging options and support for low-cost configuration devices also enable Altera to offer the lowest cost FPGA solution.

Altera's ability to quickly move Cyclone III devices into high volume also contributes to the device family’s low cost. Altera’s strategy is to be first to volume on new product announcements, giving you the highest quality products when you want them, and in the quantity you need. Altera works in close collaboration with foundry partner TSMC to solve all critical issues, including design for manufacturability (DFM) and performance optimization, early in the life of each new process. Together, the design and process teams work to overcome the technological challenges of each process node and ensure that Altera continues to successfully lead the industry in volume production.

Cyclone V Device Overview

What performance improvements have been made to the Cyclone III device family?

Because the 90-nm Cyclone II device family already offers three speed grades higher performance versus competing FPGA families, Altera chose to improve power, functionality, and cost for the Cyclone III device family and kept the core logic performance on par with the Cyclone II device family. Performance improvements have been made to the embedded multipliers, onboard memory, external memory interface, and I/O.

How do Cyclone III FPGAs compare to Cyclone II FPGAs?

Compared to the previous generation built on the 90-nm process, the 65-nm Cyclone III device family delivers 1.7x higher density, more than 3.5x the embedded memory, and 2x more multipliers, while lowering the cost per LE by 20 percent. Cyclone III FPGAs consume 50 percent less (core) power than Cyclone II FPGAs. Cyclone III FPGAs also offer low-cost configuration options with support for industry-standard commodity parallel flash devices. Cyclone III FPGAs also support higher speed memory interfaces and offer higher I/O and PLL flexibility than Cyclone II FPGAs.

Please refer to the differences between Cyclone III and Cyclone II FPGAs feature comparison page for more details.

How do Cyclone III FPGAs compare to Stratix III FPGAs?

As the high-performance device family, Stratix^® III FPGAs offer significantly higher densities, between 47,500 and 338,000 equivalent LEs, more memory, and dedicated digital signal processing (DSP) blocks. For more details on Stratix III FPGAs, please visit the Stratix III device family home page.

What are the members of the Cyclone III device family, and what packages are offered?

The Cyclone III device family contains eight members, ranging from 5K logic elements (LE) to 120K LEs. Low-cost packages with vertical migration support are available for Cyclone III devices, including the thin quad flat pack (TQFP), plastic quad flat pack (PQFP), FineLine BGA packages, and Ultra FineLine BGA packages.

Please refer to the Cyclone III family overview page for more details.

When will all of the Cyclone III devices be available?

All Cyclone III devices are shipping in production now.

When can I start designing with Cyclone III FPGAs?

You can begin your Cyclone III designs today by downloading and installing the free Quartus II Web Edition software with support for density levels exceeding 100K LEs. With the easy-to-use Quartus II software, Altera delivers the lowest development cost and fastest time to design completion to ensure a smooth and successful design flow.

Can I migrate my Cyclone FPGA or Cyclone II FPGA designs to a Cyclone III FPGA?

No, Cyclone III FPGAs are not pin-compatible with Cyclone II or Cyclone FPGAs. The primary design goal for the Cyclone III device family was to provide an unprecedented combination of low power, high functionality, and low cost. Pin compatibility within the Cyclone series would not allow the architecture to be optimized for the Cyclone III device family.

How can I transfer my existing Altera FPGA design to target a Cyclone III FPGA?

Existing Altera FPGA designs can be retargeted to a Cyclone III FPGA in the Quartus II software starting in version 7.0. This will require a recompile of the design.

How many power supplies do you need on board for Cyclone III FPGAs?

Cyclone III FPGAs require a minimum of two power supplies on board: one for VCCINT (1.2 V), one for VCCA_PLL (2.5 V) and one for VCCIO (3.3 V, 3.0V, 2.5 V, 1.8 V, 1.5 V, or 1.2 V) that is user-controllable.

Embedded Multipliers

Cyclone V Device Support

What type of embedded multipliers do Cyclone III FPGAs have?

Cyclone III FPGAs offer up to 288 embedded 18 x 18 multipliers capable of running at 260 MHz. The embedded multipliers can also be configured as two 9 x 9 multipliers, offering up to 566 9 x 9 multipliers. These multipliers are capable of efficiently implementing multiplication operations commonly found in DSP applications. Embedded multipliers in Cyclone III FPGAs can boost overall system performance and decrease system costs for cost-sensitive DSP applications.

Please refer to the Cyclone III embedded multipliers page for more details.

Embedded Memory

What type of embedded memory and memory features do Cyclone III FPGAs have?

Cyclone III FPGAs offer up to 4 Mbit of embedded memory. The embedded memory consists of columns of 9-Kbit (M9K) RAM blocks, each capable of data transfer rates up to 260 MHz. Each M9K RAM block can implement various types of memory, including true dual-port, simple dual-port, and single-port RAM, ROM, and first-in first-out (FIFO) buffers. Each block also includes extra parity bits for error control, mixed-width mode, and mixed-clock mode support.

Please refer to the Cyclone III embedded memory page for more details.

System Clock Management

What type of system clock management solution is offered in Cyclone III FPGAs?

Cyclone III FPGAs provide a global clock network and PLLs with on- and off-chip capabilities for a complete system clock management solution. Cyclone III FPGAs have up to sixteen dedicated clock input pins that feed the global clock network lines directly.

What does the global clock network consist of and what can it be used for in Cyclone III FPGAs?

The global clock network in Cyclone III FPGAs consists of twenty global clock lines accessible throughout the entire device. It is optimized to minimize skew, providing clock, clear, and reset signals to all resources within the FPGA.

How many PLLs are available in Cyclone III FPGAs? What PLL features are available?

Cyclone III FPGAs offer up to four PLLs. These PLLs provide general-purpose clocking management capabilities such as multiplication and phase shifting, programmable duty cycle, programmable bandwidth, spread spectrum input clocking, lock detection, as well as outputs for differential I/O support. The external clock outputs (one per PLL) can be used to provide clocks to other devices in the system, eliminating the need for other clock-management devices on the board.

Please refer to the Cyclone III system clock management page for more details.

I/O Standards and Memory Interfaces

What single-ended I/O electrical standards are supported in Cyclone III FPGAs?

Cyclone III FPGAs support a variety of single-ended I/O standards, including LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, HSTL, PCI, and PCI-X. Single-ended I/O standards provide more current drive capacity than differential I/O standards, and they are critical when working with advanced memory devices such as DDR, and DDR2 SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM devices. Cyclone III FPGAs also support a programmable drive strength control for certain I/O standards with settings ranging from 2 mA up to 16 mA.

What differential I/O electrical standards are supported in Cyclone III FPGAs?

Cyclone III FPGAs provide support for LVDS, mini-LVDS, RSDS, and LVPECL. LVDS performance is 840 Mbps for transmit data and 875 Mbps for receive data. On the transmission side, Cyclone III FPGAs do not require an external resistor network to convert the output to the appropriate LVDS swing levels.

Which external memory interfaces do Cyclone III FPGAs support?

Cyclone III FPGAs support dedicated, speed-optimized circuitry to interface with SDR, DDR and DDR2 SDRAM devices, and QDRII SRAM devices at up to 400 Mbps with an auto-calibrating PHY for fast timing closure.

Please refer to the Cyclone III interfaces and protocol support page for more details.

Software and Intellectual Property

What versions of the Quartus II development software support Cyclone III FPGAs?

The Quartus II Subscription software and the free Quartus II Web Edition software version 7.0 and later offer design capability for Cyclone III FPGAs. Programming file generation for Cyclone III FPGAs will be supported in a subsequent software release.

The Quartus II development software version 7.0 includes new updates to the SOPC Builder system development tool and the Nios^® II embedded processor family to support Cyclone III FPGAs. Updates have also been made to the TimeQuest timing analyzer and SDC timing constraints in support of Cyclone III FPGAs for quick timing closure of high-speed source synchronous interfaces (such as DDR and DDR2) and clock multiplexing design structures. With the PowerPlay power analysis and optimization feature, you can automatically achieve lower power in your design with a push-button compilation.

Which third-party tools support Cyclone III FPGAs?

Synthesis and simulation tools from leading EDA vendors (Cadence, Mentor Graphics^®, Synopsys, and Synplicity) support the Cyclone III device family, ensuring the highest quality of results in Altera devices.

What intellectual property (IP) cores are available for Cyclone III FPGAs?

More than 40 proven IP cores are optimized for Cyclone III FPGAs. Various IP cores from Altera and Altera Megafunction Partners Program (AMPP^SM) partners are specifically optimized for the Cyclone III FPGA architecture, including:

• Nios II Embedded Processor
• Video and Image Processing Suite of nine commonly used IP functions
• FFT/IFFT
• PCI Compiler
• FIR Compiler
• NCO Compiler
• POS-PHY Compiler
• Reed Solomon Compiler
• Viterbi Compiler

Nios II Embedded Processors

Is the Nios II family of embedded processors supported in Cyclone III FPGAs?

Yes, Cyclone III FPGAs support the Nios II embedded processor, Altera's obsolescence-free, user-configurable, general-purpose RISC, embedded soft processor family. Second-generation Nios II embedded processors extend Altera's embedded soft processor leadership with better performance, lower cost, and the most complete set of software development tools available anywhere. The Cyclone III device family can incorporate multiple Nios II embedded processors in one FPGA, providing savings in cost, footprint, and power efficiency. Cyclone III FPGAs provide you with maximum flexibility to balance performance needs and device resource usage by supporting three distinct Nios II cores, each optimized for a particular price and performance range. All three cores support a single instruction set architecture, making them 100 percent code-compatible.

Device Configuration

What configuration devices are available to support Cyclone III FPGAs?

Drivers Cyclone Port Devices For Sale

To offer the lowest total solution cost, the Cyclone III device family is supported by a low-cost serial configuration device family. On average, these serial configuration devices are priced for volume applications as low as 10 percent of the price of the corresponding Cyclone III FPGA. Four serial configuration devices (1-Mbit, 4-Mbit, 16-Mbit, and 64-Mbit) are offered in space-saving 8-pin and 16-pin small-outline integrated circuit (SOIC) packages.

Cyclone III FPGAs also support configuration using industry standard parallel flash devices from Intel without the need for an external host.